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Hamilcar crucified Spendius and other rebel hostages outside Tunis to terrorize Matho, but this backfired when the rebels were able to surprise and defeat Hannibal's army due to their lax discipline. The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. If he had lived in the United . [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. While Carthage was busy settling state affairs, Spendius and Matho decided to blockade the city from the landward side. When the Mercenary War burst out in 239BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. Carthage would pay 2,200 silver talents in 10 year installments, and 1,000 talents immediately; a total of 3,200 talents as war reparations. Iussit hortos claros Hamilcaris fieri qui stabant " Megarae, suburbio Carthaginis". According to Polybius, the causes of the Second Punic war were as follows: Based on this, and Hannibal's oath, some historians infer that Hamilcar's post-Mercenary War activities were aimed at eventual war with Rome, which was inherited by his sons, and some further suggested that Hamilcar devised the strategy of invading Italy by crossing the Alps as well as Hannibal's battle tactics. He then landed on the north coast of Sicily, seizing Mt. The Iberian army fled before the battle was joined. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Carthage was on the rise again and eager to create a wider Mediterranean empire. Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. [88] Phoenician colonies were strung along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of southwestern Spain and exercised some degree of control over their immediate areas, but only had trading contacts, not direct control, over the tribes of Iberia at that time. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. This page was last edited on 26 October 2022, at 21:30. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, 70 captured and 10,000 prisoners taken. At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. The initial conditions laid out by Lutatius to Gisco were:[40], Hamilcar Barca refused the demand to surrender Roman deserters or disarm Carthaginian soldiers, despite being threatened by Lutatius to have the Punic army pass under the yoke. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. Hamilcar Barca was blamed by the Carthaginian Leaders for causing the Mercenary War by making unrealistic promises to his soldiers, especially the Celts, during his command in Sicily. When Utica and Hippo Acra held out, Hanno and Hamilcar besieged them, eventually receiving their surrender on terms. The total investment volume is $500 million . found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. [23] The Romans had divided their forces: Consul L. Caelius Metellus was near Lilybaeum, while Numerius Fabius Buteo was besieging Drepanum at that time. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. Hannibal son of Hamilcar Barca was an African in the sense that he was born in Africa, but he was relative light-skinned, the same way that Tunisians are today. World History Encyclopedia, 01 Jun 2016. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. Worldhistory.us - For those who want to understand the History, not just to read it. Carthage would evacuate all islands between Italy and Sicily probably the Aegates Islands in addition to the. Roman Beach AttackThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. Early life [4] Unfortunately Tony Bath omits references. People disenfranchised by the ruin of the navy and disruption of trade might have thrown in their lot with this group[76] and eventually Hasdrubal the Fair emerged as the leader. A History of Hamilcar: Akre Leuca, Dream City of Hamilcar Barca- Part II. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264241 bce). Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. As the cavalry and then the elephants came closer to the infantry Hamilcar ordered each in turn to also wheel about to face the rebels. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano),[30] from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). [1], The cognomen or epithet BRQ () means "thunderbolt" or "shining". [28] He also set about improving the spirit of the army, and succeeded in creating a highly disciplined and versatile force. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. In 202 BCE, Hannibal was called back to Africa to defend Carthage against invading Roman military forces, and there he was finally defeated by Scipio Africanus at the battle of Zama. Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. "Hamilcar Barca." Themes. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. [41] Lutatius did not press the issue further, and the Carthaginian soldiers were later allowed to leave Sicily under arms with their honor intact,[42] and without any token of submission a rare gesture granted by the Romans to a defeated enemy. Worst personality award: Nero/Caligula Worst influence award: Honorius (Reasons already stated, I pretty much agree) He doomed the other half though. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. World History Encyclopedia. As this was in line with the goal of the "Peace Party" of Hanno the Great, probably no serious opposition was offered. The daylight outside was beginning to strike on the folding shutters of black lattice-work. Without a significant fleet and having lost their strategically important fortresses in Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, the Carthaginians, though, had to look elsewhere for a source of money to fund their armies. The political clout of the incumbent leaders was probably weakened by the defeat in the First Punic War, their mismanagement of the Mercenary troops and finally the Sardinia Affair. Hamilcar's faction gained enough clout, if not supreme power in Carthage, for Hamilcar to implement his next agenda. See also Hamilcar Barca on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer . Hamilcar offered the prisoners a choice to join his army, or leave Africa with the condition never to take up arms against Carthage. After his father led Carthage in the First Punic War, Hannibal took over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome. He distinguished himself during the First Punic War in 247, when he took over the chief command in Sicily, which at . Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. Finally, when the Carthaginian Senate was unable to decide between Hamilcar and Hanno, the people's assembly left it to the army to decide on their Commander in Chief, and Hamilcar Barca was elected to sole command. Rebel leaders feared mass desertions might result because of Hamilcar's policy towards prisoners. Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. Hamilcar Barca, vel Barcas ( Punice , a barak, 'fulgur') (natus 270 a.C.n. It is also possible that he had hoped to establish a future war chest with Spanish silver. Hamilcars victory over the mercenaries in 237 contributed to his growing political power in Carthage and led him to pursue territory in Spain as compensation for the losses to Rome. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. Hannibal Barca was a renowned general and statesman. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. While he may appear to be an old man, he is one of the most powerful of the Twelve Zoalords, the co-founder of Cronos and its leading scientist. 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