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This is how it was explained in a letter to US Army Colonel R. B. Mason of Ft. Leavenworth: The citizens of Daviess, Carroll, and some other counties have raised mob after mob for the last two months for the purpose of driving a group of mormons from those counties and from the State. The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[74] Smith's followers, commonly known as Mormons, began to settle in Jackson County in 1831 to "build up" the city of Zion. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. Fight against grand gangsters and crime lords to finish mafia crime from city. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. The Mormon War is a name that . [86] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace". Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. [48], The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. INTRODUCTION: The Mormon presence in nineteenth-century Missouri was uneasy at best and at times flared into violence fed by misunderstanding and suspicion. [99], Daviess County residents were outraged by the escape of Smith and the other leaders. A Militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. "The Year of Decision: 1846". . The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. "[62] Some Latter-day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. [13] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results.[22]. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. Mormon War Date August 6 - November 1, 1838 Location Northwest Missouri, United States Result Mormons stripped of property and expelled from Missouri [1][96] The court of inquiry began November 12, 1838. [16] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. [56], Local citizens were outraged by the actions of the Danites and other Mormon bands. I have reviewed five books: Leland H. Gentry's A . [101] The militia was disbanded in late November.[1]. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the war in Missouri. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. Once they were established in a county of their own, a period of relative peace ensued. The exact circumstances that allowed for him to escape are not certain. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by church leaders including Joseph Smith and also by elements of the Danite organization. The Extermination Order was a military order signed by Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs on October 27, 1838, directing that the Mormons be driven from the state or exterminated. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 State Militia to put down the Mormon insurrection against the state. "[30] The text of this speech was endorsed by Joseph Smith, who appeared at the event and participated in the raising of a liberty pole. Shortly after organizing the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1830, Joseph Smith Jr. revealed that the Second Coming of Christ was near, that the City of Zion would be near the town of Independence in Jackson County, Missouri, and that his followers were destined to inherit the land held by the current settlers. If they choose to remain, we must be content. Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. Answer (1 of 3): Original question: What was the cause of the Mormon War? [102][103], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. Lathrop wrote "I was compeled[sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost[sic] every form that Creturs[sic] in the shape of human Beeings[sic] could invent. McBrier's house was among those burned. The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. ", "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Casus Belli: Ten Factors That Contributed to the Outbreak of the 1838 'Mormon War' in Missouri, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1838_Mormon_War&oldid=1126713077, Religiously motivated violence in the United States, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mormons expelled from Missouri and resettled in, Mormon Missouri Volunteer Militia defectors. As the year went on, there were a number of armed conflicts between Mormons and Missourians. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. [56], Even Missourians who had been friendly to the Mormons were not spared. [120], Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder,[118] although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. [53][56] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. Boggs held strong preconceptions against the Latter Day Saints, dating from the time when both he and they had lived in Jackson County, and the governor believed the reports. Following some players' questions about this new gameplay, we have prepared this Q&A for you. To William Wines Phelps, a fellow Latter-day Saint and witness to the events, Hinkle wrote: "When the facts were laid before Joseph, did he not say, 'I will go'; and did not the others go with him, and that, too, voluntarily, so far as you and I were concerned?"[93][94]. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. "[48], On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. This scholarly book, based on work Alexander Baugh did for his . At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[88]. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[17]. [64] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to harass Latter Day Saints, who were forcibly disarmed. They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. The Missourians and their families, outnumbered by the Mormons, made their way to neighboring counties. [58], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. [13], Forcefully deprived of their homes and property, the Latter-day Saints temporarily settled in the area around Jackson County, especially in Clay County. In October 1833, anti-Mormon mobs drove the Mormons from Jackson County.[11]. This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the 1838 Mormon War article. One historian notes that Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. Mormon War vigilantes Missouri Extermination Order Utah War LDS enforcers Mormon War of 1838 The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. And Subsequent Expulsion. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by elements of the Danite organization. "In the summer and fall of 1838, animosity between Mormons and their neighbors in western Missouri erupted into an armed conflict known as the Mormon War. In 1831, the Mormons under Joseph Smith began to settle in Jackson County to create a Christian commune of "Zion". Latter Day Saints established new colonies outside of Caldwell County, including Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County and De Witt in Carroll County. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. [95], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. Battle of Crooked River.jpg 564 452; 106 KB. Nearly every one was burned. [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. Nathan Tanner reported that his militia company rescued another woman and three small children who were hiding in the bushes as their home burned. (jwha.info 2010) Boggs survived, but Mormons came under immediate suspicion. They committed a form ritualized murder known as Blood Atonement. [40][41], On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. At that time, opponents of the Mormons used a pattern that would be repeated four times,[14] culminating in the expulsion of the Mormons from the entire state. The conflict expanded to involve state officials, including the governor, and resulted in the incarceration of Joseph Smith and the forced expulsion of the . Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter Day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. "[35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. The refinement, the charity of our age, will not brook it.[107]. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. Mormon leader John Corrill wrote, "the love of pillage grew upon them very fast, for they plundered every kind of property they could get a hold of. Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. Tensions built up between the rapidly-growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. In the summer and fall of 1838, animosity between Mormons and their neighbors in western Missouri erupted into an armed conflict known as the Mormon War. Several Mormon homes near Millport were burned and their inhabitants expelled into the snow. Nearly every one was burned. Finally, the Mormons who had taken up arms were to leave the state. The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. You can also get a slight stat buff from the equipment investments. Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. [84] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[87] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. [57], When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. Today, Mormonism is one of the most widely accepted religions in the US. They asked if the rumor was true and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. [99], Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois, beginning in 1839. [89][90] Colonel Hinkle stated that the Latter Day Saints would help bring to justice those Mormons who had violated the law, but he protested that the other terms were illegal and unconstitutional. Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. The men under the command of Lucas were then allowed to ransack the city to search for weapons. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. Stephen C. LeSueur: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jonestook him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). [111] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[112]. These days, that conflict is known as the 1838 Mormon War. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. If after looking through it you still have unanswered questions . Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. Mike Vago. Mormons established new colonies outside of Caldwell County, including Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County and De Witt in Carroll County. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. [70], Meanwhile, exaggerated reports from the Battle of Crooked River made their way to Missouri's governor, Lilburn Boggs. Format: Paperback. The Danites were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saint members in June 1838, in the town of Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri.During their period of organization in Missouri, the Danites operated as a vigilante group and took a central role in the events of the 1838 Mormon War.There is no evidence that the Danites existed after 1838. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. The county seat, Gallatin, is reported to have been "completely gutted" only one shoe store remained unscathed. Extermination order.gif 456 882; 202 KB. The refinement, the charity of our age, will not brook it.[113]. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. Tensions rose in Clay County as the Mormon population grew. Soon after the "Extermination Order" was issued, vigilantes attacked an outlying Mormon settlement and killed . [1] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. They asked if the rumor was true, and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. During the conflict 22 people were killed (3 Mormons and 1 non-Mormon at Crooked River,[2] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody,[3] and 17 Mormons at Hauns Mill). [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. By the end of 1838, blood was shed, and Governor Lilburn Boggs ordered that Mormons were to be "exterminated or driven from the . [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". [95], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. Media in category "1838 Mormon War" The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. Stripped of their property, the Mormons were then given a few months to leave the state. [3][84] When survivors of the massacre reached Far West, the reports of the savagery of the attack played a significant part in the decision of the Mormons to surrender. The conflict was preceded by the eviction of the Mormons from Jackson County, Missouri, in 1833. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. King, judge of the Fifth judicial circuit of the state of Missouri, at the Court-house in Richmond, in a criminal court of inquiry, begun November 12, 1838, on the trial of Joseph Smith, Jr., and others, for high treason and other crimes against the state. [69] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to disarm Mormons. 11. A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would "kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess County, sparing neither men, women or children. [83] Smith and the other leaders rode with Hinkle back to the Missouri militia encampment. In August-November 1838, Mormons and their "Gentile" Missourian neighbors clashed in the Mormon War of 1838. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. [4] All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City. [37], At a meeting at Lyman Wight's home between leading Mormons and non-Mormons, both sides agreed not to protect anyone who had broken the law and to surrender all offenders to the authorities. [1][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. Several children also became ill during the ordeal and died later. In 1838, Missouri witnessed the "Missouri Mormon War". [53] On October 18, these Mormons began to act as vigilantes and marched under arms in three groups to the Missourian settlements of Gallatin, Millport and Grindstone Fork. ] [ 103 ], on October 1, the other leaders refused to the... 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1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword